Chapter 5 Building National Monarchies

Recalling Facts
Indicate whether the following events occured in England, France, the Holy Roman Empire, or Spain.
1. King John signed the Magna Carta.
England
2. Crusading knights fought to expel Muslims.
Spain
3. Philip IV called the first Estate General.
France
4. The jury system developed.
England
5. Rulers clashed with the pope over lay investiture.
France
6. Rulers used the Inquisition to enfore religious unity.
France
7. A strong bureaucracy supported the king's power.
France??
8. Rulers tried to govern both Germany and Italy.
The Holy Empire

Chapter Checkup
1. Describe how each of the following affected royal power in England:
a. the exchequer
This added to the king's authority as well as income into the central treasury.<--added power
b. royal courts
Henry I expanded the power of royal courts by sending circuit judges into the countryside <--added power
c. common law
The decisions of royal courts were recorded, and this became common law. So what the royal court says goes. <--added power
d. the Magna Carta.
John had to sign a charter that spelled out the barons' rights. <--took away power

2. a. Why were William the Conqueror's heirs able to unite England more easity then French rulers were able to unite France?
France suffered from the Viking invasions, and they had to take land back instead of just reuniting it.
b. How did French rulers increase royal power?
They seized the lands of nobles who had sided with the heretics, and defeated landholders.

3. a. Why was there conflict between the Church and Holy Roman emperors in the 1000s and the 1100s?
When Pope Gregory VII banned the lay investiture, the Holy Roman Emperor was angry, and this lead to conflicts.
b. How did the conflict affect the political developments in Germany and Italy?
Henry returned to Germany and continued to appoint bishops. When he was excommunicated a second time, he marched on Rome and drove Gregory into exile.

4. a. Describe the Church at the height of its power under Innocent III.
Pope Innocent III came close to making the Church supreme in both spiritual and wordly affairs. He successfully asserted his authority over secular rulers.
b. What types of attacks were made on the Church in the 1300s and 1400s?
In 1378, the Church suffered a humiliatio nwhen two competing popes were elected. The crisis lasted until 1417, and the Italian pope was elected. In France, kings assumed the right to tax the clergy. In England, Edward I declared that his country was no longer a papal fief. In the later 1300s, reformers attacked the Church for its wealth and the wordly concerns of the clergy.

5. a. Describe the reconquest of Spain.
It was a crusade that Spanish knights launched in Spain to expel the Muslims.
b. How did the unification of Spain affect Muslim and Jewish residences?
They forced Jews and Muslims to convert to Christianity Others were expelled. The Jews and Muslims who converted were brought before the Inquisition, and their property was seized. If they were condemned as heretics, they were usually burned at the stake.

6. a. How did the Hundred Years' War affect royal power in France?
The French people emerged with a growing sense of national pride and developed a strong loyalty to their king.
b. How did it affect royal power in England?
The king gained more power, including the power to raise taxes so that he could keep a standing army rather than depend on his vassals.

For Further Thought
1. Comparing
a. How did the relationship between the monarch and the Church differ in England, France, Spain, and the Holy Roman Empire?
Spain and the Holy Roman Empire mostly depended on the Church while England and France often tried to expel the Church.
b. How would you explain the differences?
Spain and the Holy Roman Empire allied with the Church, England and France were enemies of the Church.

2. Expressing an Opinion
a. Descirbe the investiture controvery.
Pope Gregory VII worked to end the sale of Church offices and banned the practice of lay investiture. Because of this, Henry IV got angry and refused to obey the pope's order.
b. Do you think Gregory VII should have forgiven Henry IV and readmitted him to the Church? Explain.
No, I don't think he should have. I think he should just leave him out in the snow until he dies.

3. Analyzing a Quotaiton
An English soldier who saw Joan of Arc burned at the stake exclaimed: "We are lost; we have burned a saint." How did the death of Joan of Arc help the French in the Hundred Years' War?
It helped them get revenge for Joan of Arc.

4. Applying Information
New technology often affects the outcome of battles.
a. Explain how this was true during the Hundred Years' War.
The long-bows allowed the soldiers to shoot accurately, and the cannons blasted through walls.
b. What new technology had affected the warfare in the early Middle Ages?
They created mirrors, wondows, and clocks.
c. Do you think the technological developments of the early Middle Ages were more imporant than those of the late Middle Ages? Explain.
I think they were both important. To tell the time, you need a clock. To conquer a land, you need weapons. If you were not able to tell time as to when you wanted to blast the cannon, some people might arrive late and therefore it would have been a failure.

Developing Basic Skills
1. Map Reading
Study the map on page 90. Then answer the following questions:
a. What information is shown on the map?
Land that is held by France in 1337, England in 1337, areas controled by England in 1429, Boundary of France in 1453, and battle sites.
b. What land did English kings hold in France in 1429?
northern france, area around Bordeaux
c. How did these holdings change between 1429 and 1453?
France regained it all back
d. How did these changes probably affect royal power in France?
The people became more loyal to the king.

2. Using a primary Source
Reread the exceprts from the Magna Carta on page 80. Then answer the following questions:
a. What type of document is it?
It is a contract.
b. What does the document say about the king's right to tax?
It is restricted to the degree that he should council the common council first.
c. What rights does the Magna Carta protect?
Taxes of his people.
e. What do you think the main concerns of the English barons?
I think it is the taxes and the rights of the people.

3. Making a Review Chart
Make a chart with two columns and five rows. Title the columns Early Middle Agese and Late Middle Ages. Title the rows Government, Law, Warfare, Economy, and Social Classes. use what you learned about the Middle Ages in Chapter 3, 4, and 5 to complete the chart. Then answer the following questions:
a. How did government change during the Middle Ages?
First, it started with Feudalism. Then, as trade came in, merchants started getting richer. Feudalism twisted, and then collapsed. Instead, towards the end of the middle ages, even peasants had rights.
b. How did these changes affect law?
Law was that everyone has rights to do what they want and the right to protect themselves in a trial.
c. What changes occurred in warfare?
First, there were no conflicts between the Church and the feudal lords at all. Towards the end of the Middle Ages, there were huge wars involving France, England, Spain, and the Holy Roman Empire with the Church.
d. How did changing economic conditions influence socials classes in the late Middle Ages?
Merchants became much wealthier, the feudal lords lost power, peasants also became a little wealthier.