Chapter 7: India, China, and Japan

Chapter 7 Section 1 Review
1. Identify: Delhi sultanate, Tamerlane, Urdu, Babur, Akbar, Taj Mahal, Vasco Da Gama
Delhi sultanate – The empire built by Muslim rulers who established a capital at Delhi, and included most of India
Tamerlane: The leader of the Mongols who overran northern India
Urdu: a combination of Persian and Hindi written in Arabic script
Babur: the leader of the second time the Mongols invaded India.
Akbar: the grandson of Babur who tried to unify the empire by following a policy of religious toleration.
Taj Mahal
Vasco Da Gama
2. Define: sultan, purdah
Sultan : people who organized a government that resembled those of the Maurya and Gupta empires.
Purdah: the practice of secluding women
3. Describe two advantages Muslim invaders had over Hindu forces
The Muslims rode on horses while the Hindu cavalry rode on elephants. The Muslims troops were extremely well-disciplined.
4. List three differences between Hinduism and Islam
Islam- one god, Muslims: multiple gods
Muslims- equality of all believers before god, Islam – caste system bas on inequality
Islam – strict obedience to laws of the Koran, Hinduism – tolerated many beliefs
5. What attitude did Akbar take toward Hindus?
Akbar appointed Hindus to high office, forbade the destruction of Hindu temples, and lifted the nonbeliever tax.
6. How did the Mogul emperor react to the activities of Christian missionaries?
He sent armies to end their activities.
Chapter 7 Section 2 Review
1. Identify: Diamond Sutra, Li Po
Diamond Sutra – The first printed text: it is a Buddhist text
Li Po – a famous poet during the T’ang dynasty who was a Taoist
2.
a. In theory, who could qualify for the Chinese civil service?
In theory, anyone could qualify for the civil service.
b. In practice, who usually entered the civil service?
Sons of officials or wealthy merchants usually entered since they were the only ones who could pay for the expensive education needed.
3.
a. Describe block printing
The Chinese carved characters onto wooden blocks that were inked and pressed onto paper.
b. Who probably developed block printing? Why?
Monks probably invented block printing from inventions such as paper and use of stamps.
4. What subjects interested T’ang and Sun poets and artists?
They were interested in human emotions, nature, and one’s place in the universe.
5. How did footbinding affect Chinese women?
They crippled women very much.
Chapter 7 Section 3 Review
1. Identify: Kublai Khan, Marco Polo, Cheng Ho.
Kublai Khan – a grandson of Genghis Khan who completed the conquest of China and established the first foreign dynasty in China
Marco Polo – one of the foreigners who visited China and stayed to serve Kublai Khan
Cheng Ho – A Chinese admiral who assembled 63 ships, which carried over 27 000 sailors, soldiers, and civilians who traded, collected, tribute, and gathered information about sea routes.
2. How did Kublai Khan try to keep the Mongols from being absorbed by Chinese culture?
He tried to limit Chinese influence on the Mongols by setting up a separate law code for Mongols and allowed only Mongol nobles and foreigners to serve at court.
3. What effect did the building of roads have on China?
It increase trade and travel.
4. Describe the Ming sea voyages
These voyages visited southeast Asia, India, Arabia, and East Africa and traded, collected tribute, and gathered information about sea routes.
5. What restrictions did the Ming put on Portuguese traders?
Ming first refused to let foreigners land, and then they were restricted to Macao. Afterwards, trading was restricted to only one city, Canton.
Chapter 7 Section 4 Review
1. Locate: Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Sea of Japan, Heian
Hokkaido – The northernmost region of Japan
Honshu - the largest region of Japan, in the middle
Shikoku - a little region tucked under Honshu
Kyushu - the southernmost region of Japan
Sea of Japan – the sea right between Korea and Japan
Heian – Kyoto!!!!
2. Identify: Shinto, Yamato, Lady Murasaki
Shinto – The Japanese religion
Yamato – The Japanese royal family
Lady Murasaki Shikibu – a great master of Japanese literature, wrote one of the world’s first novels
3. Define: archipelago, clan, kami
Archipelago – a chain of islands
Clan – family groups that trace their ancestry back to one person
Kami – spirits, god (ALSO PAPER)
4. Describe one advantage and one disadvantage of the geography of Japan
Advantage: seas kept foreigners from invading
Disadvantage: Japan is mountainous, only 20 percent of the land is suitable for farming
5. Why did the Yamato rulers have the respect of the people?
They claimed to be of divine descent.
6.
a. List three aspects of Chinese culture the Japanese borrowed
Language, Noh Buddhism, studied its government, history, philosophy, arts, and sciences
b. List one Chinese idea the Japanese rejected.
The idea of Civil Service Examination did not fit into the idea that everyone’s place is inherited
7. How did women contribute to the development of Japanese literature?
They kept dairies and composed poetry.
Chapter 7 Section 5 Review
1. Identify: Hideyoshi, Tokugawa Ieyasu, Zen, Noh, Kabuki
Hideyoshi: powerful general who established the foundations for a unified nation
Tokugawa Ieyasu: person who seized power when Hideyoshi died. Japan enjoyed peace and prosperity during his rule. He created a strong central government
2. Define: samurai, shogun, daimyo, bushido, haiku
Samurai – nobles descended from early clan chiefs who were like warrior knights.
Shogun – Chief general who controlled taxes, issued laws, and commanded the samurai who had pledged to serve him.
Bushido – The way of the warrior which stressed loyalty and unquestioning obedience to one’s lord.
3.
a. What was the highest class in Japanese feudal society?
Emperor
b. What was the lowest class?
Merchants
4. What values did the samurai code deemphasize?
It stressed loyalty and unquestioning obedience to one’s lord.
5. Give one example of how the Tokugawa shoguns limited the power of the daimyo
They limited the power of the daimyo by making their families spend every year in Edo (Tokyo), but he himself has to spend every other year in Edo. This discourages the daimyo from organizing revolts.
6. What two cultural traditions influenced the arts in Japan?
Zen Buddhism – devotion to nature in flower arrange, landscape gardening, tea ceremony, which reflects peace, simplicity, and love of beauty.
Kabuki theatre – violent and emotional dramas